What is a Flexible Sigmoidoscopy?
A flexible sigmoidoscopy is a procedure that allows a specialist to examine the inside of the rectum and the lower part of the large bowel, known as the sigmoid colon. This is done using a thin, flexible camera that provides a high-definition, real-time view of the bowel lining. This is limited examination of only 1/3rd part of large bowel.
A flexible sigmoidoscopy is performed for two main purposes. Firstly, it is used to diagnose bowel conditions in only small section of the large bowel, mainly to exclude any growth and inflammation in the rectum and also to look for causes of bright red bleeding from the rectum.
Secondly, treatment can often be carried out during the same procedure. This may include removing polyps and taking biopsies.
Why is a Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Performed?
A flexible sigmoidoscopy may be recommended to investigate mainly rectal bleeding but also symptoms such as changes in bowel habits, persistent diarrhoea, or pain in the rectum. It can also be used to monitor known conditions such as ulcerative colitis, which often affects the lower bowel, or to check for recurrence of polyps.
How Do You Prepare for a Flexible Sigmoidoscopy?
Preparation is important to ensure the lower bowel is clear for accurate assessment, though it is usually simpler than preparation for a full colonoscopy. Most patients will be asked to use a small cleansing enema at home before the procedure. Your clinic will provide specific instructions regarding eating, drinking, and adjustments to regular medication.
What Happens During a Flexible Sigmoidoscopy?
Before the procedure, the risks and benefits will be explained, and sedation may be offered. Many patients choose to undergo the test without sedation due to its shorter duration.
During the examination, you will lie on your side while a thin camera (sigmoidoscope) is gently passed into the rectum and guided through the sigmoid colon. Air or CO₂ is used to expand the bowel slightly to improve visibility. The procedure is usually quick, typically lasting between 10 and 20 minutes.
What Happens After the Procedure?
Following the examination, you will rest briefly in a recovery area. Most patients can go home shortly afterwards and return to normal activities the same day. Mild bloating or wind discomfort is common for a few hours. If sedation was used, you must not drive for 24 hours. Biopsy results are usually available within a few days.
What are the Risks?
Flexible sigmoidoscopy is considered a very safe procedure. Complications are uncommon and occur even less frequently than with a colonoscopy due to the shorter examination length. Possible risks include minor bleeding following biopsies or polyp removal, perforation of the bowel lining which is very rare, and occasionally an incomplete procedure due to discomfort or technical difficulty. These will be discussed with you beforehand.
When Should You Seek Urgent Help After a Flexible Sigmoidoscopy?
You should contact the hospital or seek urgent medical attention if you experience severe abdominal pain, heavy rectal bleeding, high temperatures, or persistent vomiting after the procedure.