Colorectal cancer, often referred to as bowel cancer, is a cancer that develops in the colon or rectum. It usually begins as a small growth called a polyp, which may slowly change over time and become cancerous. Recognising the early signs of colorectal cancer is important because subtle symptoms can be overlooked or mistaken for benign conditions.
According to the World Health Organization, colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It is one of the most common cancers in the United Kingdom and can affect men and women, usually over the age of fifty, although younger adults may also be diagnosed. Many cases begin with symptoms that may initially be attributed to haemorrhoids or other non-cancerous conditions. Colorectal cancer is best managed with early assessment by a colorectal cancer specialist, as timely diagnosis improves long-term outcomes. I provide specialist assessment and treatment for colorectal cancer for patients across West Yorkshire, including Dewsbury and Elland.
What causes colorectal cancer
Colorectal cancer usually develops from small benign polyps that form on the lining of the bowel. Not all polyps turn into cancer, but certain types have a higher risk.
A family history of bowel cancer, increasing age, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, smoking, a low-fibre diet and a sedentary lifestyle can all increase the chance of developing colorectal cancer. Some people have no clear risk factors, which is why recognising symptoms is essential.
Symptoms of colorectal cancer
Symptoms vary depending on where the cancer is located in the bowel. Common symptoms include a persistent change in bowel habits, such as diarrhoea or constipation, or a change in the frequency of bowel movements. Many patients notice rectal bleeding or blood mixed in with the stool. Others experience unexplained abdominal pain, bloating or discomfort. A feeling of incomplete emptying after a bowel movement may occur, especially with rectal tumours.
Unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite and increasing fatigue can also be signs of colorectal cancer. Because these symptoms overlap with other bowel conditions such as haemorrhoids, fissures or irritable bowel syndrome, proper investigation is important.
How colorectal cancer is diagnosed
Diagnosis usually begins with a detailed consultation and examination. Your surgeon may recommend investigations such as colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, CT colonography or imaging scans.
A colonoscopy is the most accurate test and allows the surgeon to examine the entire bowel and remove any suspicious polyps for analysis. Early detection significantly improves treatment options and long-term outcomes, and ensures that any signs of colorectal cancer are identified promptly.
These investigations can be arranged with Mr Khalid Khan at Spire Clinic in Dewsbury, West Yorkshire, and will help guide a personalised management plan based on clear, evidence-based assessment.
Treatment options for colorectal cancer
Treatment depends on the stage and location of the cancer.
Early cancers or precancerous polyps may be removed during colonoscopy without the need for major surgery. Larger or more advanced cancers often require surgical removal of the affected portion of the bowel.
Modern approaches include laparoscopic and robotic surgery, which can reduce pain and recovery time. Some patients may need chemotherapy or radiotherapy, either before or after surgery, depending on the stage.
Treatment is individualised to achieve the best possible outcome and is delivered within a multidisciplinary team to provide coordinated, evidence-based care for patients in West Yorkshire.
When to see a colorectal surgeon
You should seek specialist assessment if you notice rectal bleeding, persistent changes in bowel habits, unexplained abdominal pain or bloating, or if you have a family history of bowel cancer.
Any episode of unexplained weight loss or fatigue should also be reviewed.
Early diagnosis allows for early treatment, often before symptoms become severe.
Consulting a colorectal surgeon ensures timely investigation and appropriate management